December 6th, 2011 is GÄ«tÄ Jayanti, the advent of the Bhagavad-gÄ«tÄ. Here we are publishing the first chapter of Srila Gurudeva’s book, Nectar of Govinda-lÄ«lÄ, where he speaks about the most important verse in the GÄ«tÄ, 18.65. This text has been made available to us by the Hari-kathÄ team of disciples of Srila Bhaktivedanta Narayan Maharaj. This lecture reveals the single minded devotion of Narayan Maharaj for Vrindavan Dham.
Recently, by the desire of Bhagavan, we had to leave Vrindavan for some time, but wherever we go, we always remember Vrindavan. The scriptures describe many spiritual places, but in the entire brahmaná¸a there is no place like Vrindavan. He who knows the glories of Vrindavan will understand this, and especially one who has received the mercy of Vrindavan will understand this. In his Sri Vrindavan-mahimamrta, Srila Prabodhananda Saraswati has written that Vrindavan is our everything, and not just the village of Vrindavan, but the entire Vraja-maṇá¸ala. Especially Nanda Gram, Barsana, Radha Kund, Shyama Kund, Giriraja Govardhan: they are all included within Vrindavan. Sri Krishna and his eternal associates have performed pastimes there that are thoroughly unique.
For understanding these things, the instructions of the Bhagavad-gÄ«tÄ serve as a foundation. Constructed upon this foundation is the palace of the ÅšrÄ«mad-BhÄgavatam with its twelve floors. There are nine lower storeys or cantos, two storeys or cantos above, and in the middle is the tenth storey, or the Tenth Canto. Inside this there are ninety different kunjas, which are the chapters of the Tenth Canto. And in the centre of this are five special chambers, which are the five chapters describing rasa, where Sri Radha and Krishna are enjoying amorous pastimes. It appears that Radhika is serving Krishna, but really Krishna is serving her. As long as the foundation of the instructions of the Bhagavad-gÄ«tÄ is not there, we will take a mundane understanding of these topics and everything will be ruined.
In the GÄ«tÄ (18.65) we find this verse:
man-manÄ bhava mad-bhakto mad-yÄjÄ« mÄá¹ namaskuru
mÄm evaiá¹£yasi satyaá¹ te pratijÄne priyo’si me
Absorb your mind and heart in me, become my devotee, worship me, offer your pranama to me, and then certainly you will come to me. I make this promise to you because you are very dear to me.
This is the best of all verses in the Bhagavad-gÄ«tÄ. We shouldn’t consider the following verse (18.66) to be the best:
sarva-dharmÄn parityÄjya
mÄm ekaá¹ Å›araṇaá¹ vraja
ahaá¹ tvÄá¹ sarva-pÄpebhyo
moká¹£ayiá¹£yÄmi mÄ Å›ucaḥ
Give up all forms of religiosity, unworldly or other-worldly, bodily or mental, varnÄÅ›rama-dharma, the worship of demigods and goddesses, and even the worship of Narayan and Dwarakadhish and come exclusively to my shelter. (18.66)
Although this is the final verse, and Krishna is telling us to abandon our dharma, we may think that some sinful reaction may come to us. But Krishna says, “I am responsible for that. I will excuse you from all sins.” Making our parents cry, making our brothers and relatives cry, a wife making her husband cry, a husband making his wife cry, not doing our duty to society, and not following varnasrama-dharma is all adharma or non-religious, and sinful reaction will come to anyone who does these things. But Krishna says, “I promise that I will at once free you from any sinful reaction.”
The verse that we will describe here, man-manÄ bhava, is even better than this verse. The verse sarva-dharmÄn parityÄjya gives instruction for Å›araṇÄgati, devotional surrender, but this verse gives the fruit of that surrender, and is therefore even more exalted.
When we read the GÄ«tÄ thoroughly, and especially when we look through the commentaries of our acharyas, we see that there are five levels of instructions in the Bhagavad-gÄ«tÄ. First, there are general instructions for everyone. After this is guhya or secret, then guhyatara or more secret, then guhyatama or most secret, and finally sarva-guhyatama or the most secret of all secrets. These instructions are not given in an expanded form, but in the form of sÅ«tras or condensed verses.
sarvopaniá¹£ado gÄvo dogdhÄ gopÄla-nandanaḥ
pÄrtho vatsaḥ sudhÄ«r bhoktÄ dugdhaá¹ gÄ«tÄmá¹›taá¹ mahat
All the scriptures – the Vedas, Puranas, Upanishads – are like a cow, and Arjuna is the calf. First the cow feeds a little milk to her calf, and she becomes pacified by that. Then the milkman Sri Krishna can milk the cow, and keep the remainder of the milk aside. Who is the remainder for? Those that are sudhÄ«, whose intelligence is pure. Whose intelligence is pure? The big scientists and big scholars of this world? The BhÄgavatam doesn’t say this. It gives the word sumedhaḥ, and who is sumedhaḥ? A person who performs bhagavad-bhajana, who is rasika or expert in relishing rasa. One who has decided that engaging in bhagavad-bhajana is the essence of life is purely intelligent, and the rest are fools.
How are they fools? go-kharaḥ – amongst the animals, the fool is the donkey. When we were coming from Delhi recently, we saw a dog seated on top of a donkey, just looking around. The donkey was just going on its way in a relaxed fashion. Therefore the donkey is a big fool. People load all of their rubbish and heavy things on the donkey, and it carries them. It doesn’t do any work with its front feet, but does everything with its hind legs, such as when it wants to kick someone. If you tell it to go forward it goes backward, and if you tell it to go backward it goes forward. Such a fool it is, and similarly, those that don’t perform bhajan of Bhagavan are also fools. And who is intelligent? Only those who engage in bhagavad-bhajana.
After the cow has first fed her calf a little milk, Krishna keeps the remainder in a pot for those that are sudhi, of pure intelligence, who are dear to him. Up to here the milk is the instructions of the GÄ«tÄ, but there is something more: on top of the milk will be the essence, the cream. Churn that, and very soft and beautiful butter will also be produced. Along with the butter also come some things to be discarded. Put the butter on the fire, and in the end, what will we save? Ghee. From ghee we cannot make another thing; it is the essence.
Vyasa gave Sukadeva the cream and told him, “My son, churn it.” Sukadeva took a churning stick and slowly churned until butter was produced. He distributed this butter in the form of the first nine cantos of the BhÄgavatam, but some people said, “We will not take butter; we will accept only the essence of butter.”
So to them he gave the remainder of the BhÄgavatam, and therefore the remainder of the BhÄgavatam is so much greater. What he gave in the BhÄgavatam is apparently nowhere in the Vedas and Upanisads, but actually it is there. In what form is it there? Just as there is ghee spread throughout milk, this essence is in the GÄ«tÄ, Upanishads, Vedas, Puranas, and Ramayana. But taking this milk and then making butter and ultimately ghee is not an ordinary task. In the ÅšrÄ«mad BhÄgavatam, the five chapters describing the rÄsa-lÄ«lÄ, the Gopi-gÄ«tÄ, the Bhramara-gÄ«tÄ (where Radha is speaking to a bumblebee in the madness of separation from Krishna), and the Uddhava-sandeÅ›a (where Krishna sends Uddhava to Vrindavan with a message for the gopis) are the beautiful ghee which he made. And to whom in this world did he give it? He didn’t give it to unqualified people, but exclusively to those who were qualified.
For ordinary people, Bhagavan Sri Krishna has said:
yuktÄhÄra-vihÄrasya yukta-ceá¹£á¹asya karmasu
yukta-svapnÄvabodhasya yogo bhavati duhkha-hÄ
Don’t eat or sleep too much, and be regulated in working and recreation, otherwise you will not be able to attain that rare yoga wherein a soul meets his Creator. In this general knowledge, he has given the knowledge that we are not these bodies. Be detached from the desires of the body and don’t act for them. (6.17)
jÄtasya hi dhruvo má¹›tyur dhruvam janma má¹›tasya ca
One who has taken birth will certainly die, and afterward he will certainly take birth again. Arjuna was crying for everyone? For his son, wife, relatives, friends, and we are also crying for this.
aÅ›ocyan anvaÅ›ocas tvaá¹ prajña-vÄdÄá¹Å› ca
bhÄá¹£ase gatÄsÅ«n agatÄsÅ«á¹Å› ca nÄnuÅ›ocanti paṇá¸itÄḥ
Those who are wise despair neither for the living or the dead. Everyone will die, and those that don’t go today will go tomorrow or the next day. Don’t cry or worry for them, because inside the body is the soul.
nainaá¹ chindanti Å›astrÄṇi nainaá¹ dahati pÄvakaḥ
na cainaá¹ kledayanty Äpo na Å›oá¹£ayati mÄrutaḥ
The soul cannot be harmed by any weapon, burnt by fire, moistened by water, or withered by the wind. The soul is eternal, but the body is subject to death, so don’t be overly concerned about the body. (2.23)
Yes, a man can worry for it like this: after becoming enlightened, and realising that Bhagavan has given this body in the form of a mandira and for the purpose of performing bhajan, it should be cared for. We should keep it clean and repair it, because otherwise we won’t be able to do bhajan. Up to here, caring for the body is alright, but it should be done with a spirit of detachment. In the end Bhagavan will ask for it back, and it must be returned. He will ask, “I have given you such a rare and valuable human form, and what have you done with it?”
Therefore he has spoken verses like this:
yÄ niÅ›Ä sarva-bhÅ«tÄnÄá¹ tasyÄá¹ jÄgarti saá¹yamÄ«
yasyÄá¹ jÄgrati bhÅ«tÄni sÄ niÅ›Ä paÅ›yato muneḥ
While ordinary people sleep, the sage is awake in self-realisation, and while the sage sleeps, ordinary people are awake in sense gratification. Therefore you should simply engage in bhagavad-bhajana and considering happiness and distress to be the same, go on doing your duty. Up to here it is general instruction. (2.69)
After this comes guhya, secret instruction, which is brahma-jñÄna. The ÄtmÄ is brahma, spiritual substance.
sthita-prajñasya kÄ bhÄá¹£Ä samÄdhi-sthasya keÅ›ava
sthita-dhīḥ kiá¹ prabhÄá¹£eta kim ÄsÄ«ta vrajeta kim
Arjuna asks, “What are the symptoms of a person whose consciousness is absorbed in brahma? How does he speak, how does he sit, and how does he walk?” (2.54)
In the eighteenth chapter the conclusion is given:
brahma-bhÅ«taḥ prasannÄtmÄ na Å›ocati na kÄá¹…ká¹£ati
samaḥ sarveá¹£u bhuteá¹£u mad-bhaktiá¹ labhate parÄm
One who is situated in brahma sees brahma everywhere, and he thinks, “I am also brahma.” Thinking such he will meditate on brahma, and will not experience happiness or distress. He remains steady through whatever comes to him, and merges his consciousness in brahma. (18.54)
karmaṇy evÄdhikÄras te mÄ phaleá¹£u kadÄcana
Go on doing your duty and don’t desire the fruits of your labour. In an ordinary way, this is brahma-jñÄna. (2.47)
After this comes guhyatara, more secret, which is paramatma-jñÄna. There are two classes of beings, ká¹£ara or fallible and aká¹£ara or infallible, and then there is Purushottam. Bhagavan is Purushottam, who resides in the hearts of all living entities in the size of a thumb. Meditate on him, and if you don’t reach him, try again. Again not reaching him, try again.
kleÅ›o’dhikataras teá¹£Äá¹ avyaktÄsakta-cetasÄm
That formless brahma that I mentioned to you before – don’t go there! Beware! There will be more difficulty in trying to attach your consciousness to something formless. Instead, meditate on the Paramatma within the heart, and one who connects with him is a real sannyasi and a real yogi.
sa sannyÄsÄ« ca yogÄ« ca na niragnir na cÄkriyaḥ
Just by performing fire sacrifices, or by muttering, ahaá¹ brahmÄsmi, one does not become a real sannyasi. This is all guhyatara, more secret.
And guhyatama, most secret, is given in the ninth chapter. Pure bhakti is given there, but it is devoid of rasa. Although it is pure bhakti, it is not full of rasa.
At the end of the eighteenth chapter sarva-guhyatama, the most secret of all secrets, is given. It is full of rasa, and is the highest limit of bhakti:
sarva-guhyatamaṠbhūyaḥ śṛṇu me paramaṠvacaḥ
iá¹£á¹o’si me dá¹›á¸ham iti tato vaká¹£yÄmi te hitam
man-manÄ bhava mad-bhakto mad-yÄjÄ« mÄá¹ namaskuru
mÄm evaiá¹£yasi satyaá¹ te pratijÄne priyo’si me
Because you are very dear to me, I am telling you this most hidden of all instructions. (GÄ«tÄ 18.64-65)
What is that instruction? Before this, Sri Krishna had explained up to the worship of Narayan, which is worship of Bhagavan but with awareness of his opulences. However in this verse, four extraordinary activities are described. The first is man-manÄ bhava: always think of me, the second is mad-bhakto: become my devotee, the third is mad-yÄjÄ«: worship me, and the fourth is mÄá¹ namaskuru: offer pranama to me. If you cannot do the first, then do the second. If you can’t do that, then do the third. If you can’t do that, then just offer pranama, and everything will come from that.
Now we will speak on the first part of this verse, man-manÄ bhava: “Absorb your mind and heart in me.” This is not a simple thing. For a man to absorb his mind in any one activity, then his eyes, ears, nose, and all his senses must be completely centred on that. If the mind cannot concentrate on something, it is more or less uncontrolled. Sometimes our mind is pondering sense enjoyment, and sometimes we think about Krishna. This is the conditioned state. But if someone’s mind is fully absorbed in the lotus feet of Bhagavan, then that is the highest form of worship. When will this be possible? In the beginning stage of Å›raddhÄ or faith it is not possible. Then the stage of ruci or taste will come, and still it won’t be possible. After this we can really begin to give our heart. In the stage of asakti or spiritual attachment we can give perhaps one-half of our heart to him. In the stage of bhava or devotional ecstasy maybe we can give three-quarters of our heart to him, but only in the stage of prema or divine love can we fully give our hearts to Krishna.
Therefore, when Krishna was sending Uddhava to the gopis in Vrindavan, in a clever way, not straight but crookedly, he told Uddhava, “Uddhava, my mother and my father are very upset for me. You go and give them my message and console them a little.”
Uddhava waited there for a moment and then said, “Is there anything more?”
Krishna thought, “What will I tell him and not tell him?” He became a little worried. After deliberating, he concluded, “If I don’t tell him now, when will I tell him?”
He said, “Yes, there is one thing. There in Vrindavan are the gopis, who are the most dear to me. They have given me their entire hearts, and besides me they know nothing. For me they have forgotten all of their bodily needs and bodily functions. What is the condition of someone who has forgotten all bodily needs? They have forgotten eating and drinking, bathing and decorating themselves with ornaments and clothing, and fixing their hair. Their bodies will certainly have become thin and weak, and just see how for me they have forgotten all of their bodily relations: husbands, sons, friends, brothers, wealth and property. They have no love for anyone but me, and day and night they are deeply remembering me. Uddhava, in this world you have not seen such an example of how one person can give their heart to another. Somehow or other they are holding onto their lives. Their life-airs have risen up to their necks, and how much longer can they live like this? I don’t know if they can be saved or not. Therefore go quickly, and save their lives. Go and give them my message, that I am definitely coming tomorrow or the next day. For this they are holding onto their lives. They will think, “Krishna has said that he is coming, and he is not able to tell a lie. Clutching onto this hope, it is as if their lives are hanging on a limb. If the limb breaks, they will fall down, meaning they will give up their lives. So go quickly.”
Therefore the gopis are the perfect example of man-manÄ bhava. Now listen to an example of how Krishna takes someone’s heart. We understand that giving our heart to someone is very difficult, but if instead someone takes our heart, then it becomes very easy. Otherwise we are simply unable to give our hearts. In the Kaá¹ha Upaniá¹£ad (1.2.23) it says:
nÄyam ÄtmÄ pravacanena labhyo
na medhayÄ na bahunÄ Å›rutena
yam evaiṣa vṛṇute tena labhyas
tasyaiá¹£a ÄtmÄ vivṛṇute tanuá¹ svÄm
Sri Krishna will select a heart which is dear to him and then say, “You come! I will take your heart.” Even if we really desire to give him our heart, it is very difficult, but if he desires to take our heart, then it is possible. But we must make our heart to be such that when Krishna sees us it will inspire greed within him. The heart must be pure in all ways; if there is any impurity remaining there, he will not take it. But mere purity is also not sufficient; the hearts of so many jnanis are also pure. We must add some special fragrance which, reaching Krishna’s nose, will attract him. Bhakti-rasa should be flowing in the heart. How does Krishna take a heart? This story will show how:
Krishna was taking the cows out to graze for the day in Vrindavan. His bodily complexion was the colour of a dark raincloud, his curly black hair was dangling on his face, and he appeared very, very beautiful and charming. His friends were spread out in the four directions chanting, “Sadhu! Sadhu!” (meaning “Excellent! Excellent!”) and praising Krishna, and singing and playing their flutes and horns. As they were going along like this, even the blind people of Vraja would come out to try and see. One would say, “Where are you going?”
Someone would reply, “I am going to have darshan of Sri Krishna. Take my hand, let’s go!” and with great eagerness they would go.
All the people of Vraja surrounded the road to see Krishna taking the cows out to graze. Mother Yasoda and Nanda Baba were following behind Krishna, saying, “My son, come back soon, don’t go too far away!” Time and again Krishna told them to return, and finally when he promised that he would certainly return later in the day, they slowly went back to their home.
There were so many newly-married girls there who had just arrived in Vraja to live in the homes of their new husbands. They all went to the doors of their homes to catch a glimpse of Krishna. Some were even peering through vents, some climbed up on their roofs, and others climbed to the tops of trees in the kusjas.
Krishna was also searching: he always wants to see new girls. In one house, there was a new girl who had just been married two or three days before. She had heard a long time before how marvellously beautiful Krishna appears when he is taking the cows out to graze. When she heard Krishna coming with the cows, in her heart she became very restless and eager to have his darshan. But her new mother-in-law and sister-in-law were sitting outside the door, and her new sister-in-law was especially nasty towards her. They were both telling her, “You are not going! We are going, but you cannot. There is a black snake out there, and if it bites you, you will never be able to remove its poison. Therefore stay in the house! We will be back soon.”
The girl said, “Where are you going? And I will just sit here in the house? I will also go!””
“No! It’s dangerous! Don’t go! Your heart is very immature, and you will never remove the snake’s poison. You just sit there.”
“Still I will go with you!”
“No! It’s dangerous! You won’t go!”
“Then I will go alone! All the wives, elderly people, boys, girls, birds, beasts, and insects of Vraja are going for darshan of Krishna, and in Vrindavan I alone will not receive his darshan? Certainly I will go!”
“No! You won’t go!”
“I am certainly going! Even if you throw me out of this household I will go!”
Then, seeing that Krishna was coming near, the mother-in-law and sister-in-law quickly ran to see. When they left, the girl stepped forward and began peering out through the crack in the door. Her position was that she could see out, but no one could see her. Krishna was holding the flute to his lips and playing so sweetly that it seemed the nectar of his heart was emanating through the holes of the flute and inundating the entire area of Vrindavan. Those eyes which have not seen this should be set on fire. Only the eyes which have seen this beautiful scene are successful. The gopis were offering arati to Krishna not with lamps, but with their eyes. How? Their eyes were like lamps, and the prema in their hearts was like the oil. Their eyes were burning as they circled Krishna’s form with loving sidelong glances, and they performed arcana of Krishna with these glances. With great happiness, Krishna became shy and accepted all of them.
But he was looking in the direction of that one door. Krishna may or may not want to see someone, but if someone really wants to see him, he will certainly see that person. That day he wanted to see that new girl first of all. He wanted to leave everyone else behind and go there immediately, so just then he played a trick with a calf. Grabbing the tail of the calf, he gave it a twist, and the calf ran directly to that door, as if it had been trained for that very purpose. At once Krishna and the calf arrived at that door. Standing in his threefold-bending posture, with the flute to his lips, and smiling, he gave his darshan to that girl. Finished! Her very heart came out from her and he took it and went on his way. She could only stand motionlessly. This is taking a heart: man-manÄ bhava.
If someone attains the mercy of Krishna, then certainly he will take their heart. If we are especially eager, wondering in our minds, “When will I be able to see the beautiful form of Sri Krishna?”, then Krishna will be so pleased and come and take our hearts. That girl had performed austerities for millions of years for this opportunity, and that day she became completely successful.
She was left standing motionlessly, and fifteen or twenty minutes passed. Krishna had left and entered the forest, and the dust raised by the cows and boys had long settled. She was still standing motionlessly because without her heart or mind, she was helpless. Then the cruel sister-in-law said to her, “The black snake Shyamasundar has bitten you, and now you will never remove the poison!”
Shaking the girl, somehow she managed to bring her inside the house. “Here! Take this churning stick and churn some yoghurt. By doing some hard work your mind will return to you.” But the girl took the wrong pot, and instead began churning mustard seeds, and it made a terrible noise. Sometimes she would churn, and sometimes she would stop. Where was her mind and heart? Krishna had taken them: man-manÄ bhava.
Again the sister-in-law came, and she said, “Hey! What are you doing? I will go and complain to my mother about you!” At once the mother-in-law came and said, “Lift up this pot. Go and bring water.” They placed a large pot on her head, and on top of that a smaller pot. They also gave her a small child and said, “Look after this child and see that he doesn’t cry!” They put a long rope in her hand to lower the pots down into the well, and sent her off.
Like this she went. Arriving at the well, she made a noose for lowering the pot down into the well. But instead of wrapping the noose around the pot, she put it around the child as if she was going to lower him into the well! Everyone nearby shouted, “Hey! What are you doing?” They came running over, and taking the rope from her hands, saved the child. One gopi said, “It appears that a ghost has possessed her!”
Another gopi, who knew everything, said, “It wasn’t just an ordinary ghost, it was the ghost of Nanda!”
Vrindavan is the place for those who are unable to give their hearts to their children and family. They leave everyone crying for them and like refugees come to Vrindavan and cry exclusively for Krishna. Even very fine sons and daughters of kings come to Vrindavan, give their hearts to Krishna, and engage in bhajan.
Krishna told Arjuna, “This is man-manÄ bhava. Absorb your mind in me as the gopis did.”
